Displacement and Settlers’ Challenges: Evidence from Bakassi Resettlement Camp, Nigeria

This paper examines the displacement and challenges faced by settlers in the Bakassi resettlement camp in Nigeria. The study was conducted against the backdrop of the 1980 UN policy on resettlement programs. A research objective was formulated and translated into a research question and hypothesis to guide the study. The literature was reviewed in line with the objectives of the study. The study adopted a survey research design. The study population consisted of 6,017 displaced persons. Thus, stratified and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 376. Both questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to collect data. The research hypothesis was tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation. The findings revealed that the state of Bakassi settlers is akin to status depreciation, impoverishment, loss of sources of livelihood, stigmatization, discrimination, inhumane treatment, and infringement of fundamental human rights. The problems discussed have wider applicability for resettlement programs not only in Nigeria but in Africa as a whole. It also has implications for resettlement planning and the success of resettlement schemes. Based on these findings, it is recommended that vigorous education campaigns be carried out among settlers and neighboring communities around the resettlement area. The campaigns should emphasize attitudinal change, accommodation, cooperation, peace, and unity amongst them and the neighboring communities. Efforts should also be made through workshops, seminars, and conferences to raise this awareness. Moreover, the displaced persons should be empowered with skill acquisition and funds to embark on small-scale businesses. It is crucial that a team of social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists be posted to the resettlement camp to care for those with psychological problems. Indeed, psychosocial counselling, sensitization, and behavior modification therapy should be adequately employed to address the psychosocial challenges faced by the settlers.